TOP 25 BEST KALI LINUX TOOLS

Mostly, the data is encrypted, we need another tool to decrypt it. Below is another procedure to get the clear text password.

PASSWORD ATTACKS

10. Hash-Identifier and findmyhash

Hash-identifier is a tool to identify the different types of hashes used to encrypt data and especially passwords. Findmyhash is a tool to crack encrypted passwords or data using online services. For example we got encrypted data:  098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6. First thing you are going to need to do is identify the hash type. To do that, launch “hash-identifier” in terminal, and input the hash value on it.

Hash-identifier detected this decrypted data is using hash algorithm MD5. After its hash type is known, then we use another tool, findmyhash to crack the data. Now, type in the terminal:

The result would be like this:

9. Crunch

Crunch is a utility to create custom wordlists, where you can specify a standard character set or a character set you specify. crunch can generate all possible combinations and permutations.

The basic syntax for crunch looks like this:

Now, let’s go over what’s included in the syntax above.

• • min = The minimum password length.
  • max = The maximum password length.
  • characterset = The character set to be used in generating the passwords.
  • -t <pattern> = The specified pattern of the generated passwords. For instance, if you knew that the target’s birthday was 0231 (February 31st) and you suspected they used their birthday in their password, you could generate a password list that ended with 0231 by giving crunch the pattern @@@@@@@0321. This word generate passwords up to 11 characters (7 variable and 4 fixed) long that all ended with 0321.
  • -o <outputfile> = save the wordlist into a file name given.

8. John The Ripper (OFFLINE PASSWORD CRACKING SERVICE)

John The Ripper is one of the most popular password testing and cracking programs as it combines a number of password crackers into one package, auto-detects password hash types, and includes a customization cracker. In Linux, “passwd” file located at /etc/passwd contains all user information. hash SHA encrypted password of each of the users found is stored in /etc/shadow file.

7. THC Hydra (ONLINE PASSWORD CRACKING SERVICE)

Hydra is the fastest network login cracker which supports numerous attack protocols. THC Hydra supports these protocols: Cisco AAA, Cisco auth, Cisco enable, CVS, FTP, HTTP(S)-FORM-GET, HTTP(S)-FORM-POST, HTTP(S)-GET, HTTP(S)-HEAD, HTTP-Proxy, ICQ, IMAP, IRC, LDAP, MS-SQL, MySQL, NNTP, Oracle Listener, Oracle SID, PC-Anywhere, PC-NFS, POP3, PostgreSQL, RDP, Rexec, Rlogin, Rsh, SIP, SMB(NT), SMTP, SMTP Enum, SNMP v1+v2+v3, SOCKS5, SSH (v1 and v2), SSHKEY, Subversion, Teamspeak (TS2), Telnet, VMware-Auth, VNC and XMPP.

For more depth and detail tutorial about hydra visit my previous article titled Crack Web Based Login Page With Hydra in Kali Linux (https://linuxhint.com/crack-web-based-login-page-with-hydra-in-kali-linux/)

WIRELESS ATTACK

6. Aircrack-NG Suite

Aircrack-ng is a network software suite consisting of a scanner, packet sniffer, WEP and WPA/WPA2-PSK cracker and analysis tool for 802.11 wireless LANs. Aircrack-NG suite, includes:

• aircrack-ng Cracks WEP keys using the Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack (FMS) attack, PTW attack, and dictionary attacks, and WPA/WPA2-PSK using dictionary attacks.
• airdecap-ng Decrypts WEP or WPA encrypted capture files with known key.
• airmon-ng Placing different cards in monitor mode.
• aireplay-ng Packet injector (Linux, and Windows with CommView drivers).
• airodump-ng Packet sniffer: Places air traffic into pcap or IVS files and shows information about networks.
• airtun-ng Virtual tunnel interface creator.
• packetforge-ng Create encrypted packets for injection.
• ivstools Tools to merge and convert.
• airbase-ng Incorporates techniques for attacking client, as opposed to Access Points.
• airdecloak-ng Removes WEP cloaking from pcap files.
• airolib-ng Stores and manages ESSID and password lists and compute Pairwise Master Keys.
• airserv-ng Allows to access the wireless card from other computers.
• buddy-ng The helper server for easside-ng, run on a remote computer.
• easside-ng A tool for communicating to an access point, without the WEP key.
• tkiptun-ng WPA/TKIP attack.
• wesside-ng Automatic tool for recovering wep key.

5. Fluxion

Fluxion is my favorite Evil Twin Attack tool. fluxion doesn’t perform bruteforce attack to break the key. Fluxion creates a open twin AP of the target (Wi-Fi) network. When someone tries to connect to that network a fake authentication page pops up asking for key. When victim enters the key, fluxion captures that key and checks whether the key is a valid password by matching the key and the handshake. To install Fluxion, run the following commands:

Open the fluxion wizard by typing:

When first run, fluxion does dependency checking, and installs them automatically. After that go a long with the fluxion wizard instructions.

EXPLOITATION TOOLS
4. Social Engineering Toolkit (SET)

The Social-Engineer Toolkit is an open-source penetration testing framework designed for Social-Engineering. SET has a number of custom attack vectors such as phishing, spear-phishing, malicious USB, mass mail, etc. This toolkit is a free product by Trustedsec.com. To start using SET, type in terminal “seetolkit”.

3. METASPLOIT FRAMEWORK

Metasploit Framework initially was intended to be a maintainable framework which automates the process of exploiting rather than manually verifying it. Metasploit is a popular framework through history, it has rich modules aimed at a variety of targets such as Unix, BSD, Apple, Windows, Android, WebServers, etc. Below, is an example usage of metasploit, exploiting Windows OS using popular NSA Exploit EternalBlue and DoublePulsar.

Video Hacking Windows using EternalBlue on MetaSploit

SNIFFING AND SPOOFING

2. WireShark

Wireshark is a very popular network analyzer tool that’s most widely used in network security auditing. Wireshark uses display filters for general packet filtering. Here are some useful filters, including filters to grab captured password.

• Show only SMTP (port 25) and ICMP traffic:
  port eq 25 or icmp
• Show only traffic in the LAN (192.168.x.x), between workstations and servers — no Internet:
  src==192.168.0.0/16 and ip.dst==192.168.0.0/16
• TCP buffer full — Source is instructing Destination to stop sending data:
  window_size == 0 && tcp.flags.reset != 1
• Match HTTP requests where the last characters in the uri are the characters “gl=se”
  request.uri matches “gl=se$”
• Filter against particular IP
  addr == 10.43.54.65
• Display POST request method, mostly containing user password:
  request.method == “POST”

To run Wireshark, just type “wireshark” in the terminal. It will open up a graphical user interface. First, it will ask you to set the network interface that will be used.

1. Bettercap

BetterCAP is a powerful and portable utility to perform various types of MITM attacks against a network, manipulate HTTP, HTTPS and TCP traffic in realtime, sniff for credentials and much more. BetterCAP is similar in concept as ettercap, but, in my experience comparing both features, Bettercap WON.

Bettercap is able to defeat SSL/TLS, HSTS, HSTS Preloaded. It uses SSLstrip+ and DNS server (dns2proxy) to implement partial HSTS bypass. The SSL/TLS connections are terminated. However, the downstream connection between client and attacker does not use SSL/TLS encryption and remains decrypted.

The partial HSTS bypass redirects the client from the domain name of the visited web host to a fake domain name by sending HTTP redirection request. The client is then redirected to a domain name with extra ‘w’ in www or web. in the domain name e.g. web.site.com. This way the web host is not considered as a member of HSTS preloaded hosts list and the client can access the web host without SSL/TLS. The fake domain names are then resolved to real and correct IP addresses by the special DNS server, which expects these changes in the domain names. The downside of this attack is that the client has to start the connection over HTTP due to the need of HTTP redirection. Bettercap is pre-installed on Kali Linux.

To do MitM with Bettercap, let’s see this example case. The attacker and the victim is on the same subnet in a wifi network. The victim IP is: 192.168.1.62. The Router IP is: 192.168.1.1. The attacker uses his WLAN1 wireless network interface. The attacker aims to sniff and spoof the target. So, the attacker type in command:

After the command is run, bettercap will start the ARP spoofing module, DNS server, HTTP and HTTPS proxy service. And also the victim information listed.

The victim enters the url ‘fiverr.com’ in the url tab. Bettercap detected that the victim is trying to access fiverr.com. Then, bettercap SSLStrip-ing the URL by downgrade the HTTPS protocol to HTTP and modify the URL name. As the image shown below.

The URL in the victim’s browser will look like strange, it has additional ‘w’, it is how SSLSTRIP+ and HSTS Preload bypass work.

Once the victim logs in to the log in service, bettercap captures the credentials.

POST EXPLOITATION AND….

THE BEST TOOL IN KALI LINUX!

1. METASPLOIT FRAMEWORK

I think Metasploit Framework is THE BEST TOOL in KALI LINUX. Metasploit has a lot Modules it is:

Exploit

An exploit is the method by which the attacker takes advantage of a flaw within a system, service, application etc. The attacker generally uses this to do something with the particular system/service/application which he/she is attacking which the developer/implementer never intended to do. Kind of like misusing. This is the thing which an attacker uses to gain access to a system.

Exploits are always accompanied by payloads

Payload

A payload is the piece of code which is run in the successfully exploited system. After an exploit works successfully, the framework injects the payload through the exploited vulnerability and makes it run it within the target system. Thus an attacker gets inside the system or can get data from the compromised system using the payload.

Auxiliary

Provides additional functionality like fuzzing, scanning, recon, dos attack etc. Auxiliary scans for banners or OSes, fuzzes or does a DOS attack on the target. It doesn’t inject a payload like exploits. Means you wont be able to gain access to a system using an auxiliary

Encoders

Encoders are used to obfuscate modules to avoid detection by a protection mechanism such as an antivirus or a firewall. This is widely used when we create a backdoor. The backdoor is encoded (even multiple times) and sent to the victim.

Post

These modules are used for post-exploitation. After a system has been compromised, we can dig deeper into the system, send a backdoor or set it as a pivot to attack other systems using these modules.

METASPLOIT comes with variety of interfaces:

• msfconsole        An interactive curses like shell to do all tasks.
• msfcli                 Calls msf functions from the terminal/cmd itself. Doesn’t change the terminal.
• msfgui               the Metasploit Framework Graphical User Interface.
• Armitage          Another graphical tool written in java to manage pentest performed with MSF.
• Web Interface The web based interface provided by rapid7 for Metasploit Community.
• CobaltStrike    another GUI with some added features for post-exploitation, reporting, etc.