Laws of Monads in Scala in Ubuntu 20.04
We ensure that any succession of deployments of the flatMap and unit functions results in a valid monad if the monad fulfills the three laws. In other words, a value is still subject to the effects of the monad. A completely reusable piece of code that solves a general issue is what monads and their rules define as a design paradigm from the perspective of programming.
The following three monad laws:
Left Identity
According to Left Identity, invoking the flatMap function to apply a function “f” to a value “x” that was raised by the unit function is identical to applying the function “f” straight to the value “x”:
Right Identity
It says that when the flatMap function is used, and the unit function is used as the function “f”, the outcome is the initial monadic value:
Associativity
According to this rule, using a series of flatMap calls to apply two functions, “f” and “g”, to a monad value is identical to using “g” to apply to the output of the flatMap function with “f” as the parameter.
Advantages of Monads in Scala in Ubuntu 20.04
- In the daily work of a functional programmer, monads and monad transformers are helpful abstractions.
- Monad allows us to construct programs based on the Laws, even though it may appear to be a programming language unto itself! Without much control flow, we can combine many monadic values.
- As a result, there are fewer logical flaws in the code, better-structured programs, and most importantly, we have the option to update programs in the future much more easily without causing havoc on the entire planet.
How to Use Monads in Scala in Ubuntu 20.04
Monads are used to contain objects, and they produce the corresponding two functions:
unit(): Similar to Java’s void keyword, unit() does not return any data types.
flatMap() :Similar to the Scala function map(), flatMap() instead produces a series of elements as opposed to a single component. After applying a flatMap to the given Sequence, a List is produced with the inner grouping eliminated and a sequence created. The term “monadic” refers to collections that can support both flatMap and map.
Example # 1: Using Flatmap and Map for the Collection in Scala in Ubuntu 20.04
Occasionally, a monad will remind a container to use a specific interface when working with its values. Monad may resemble a box with an object inside if we model it ourselves. We can retrieve this object using flatMap and one more practical function map.
To this scala program, we have defined the object as “myObject1” as the object “myObject1” is created. Now, within the “myObject1”, we have implemented the definition of the Scala main function. This function serves as the primary starting point for running any Scala code. Within the scala’s main function, we have the declaration of the variables as “L1” and “L2”. To these variables, we have assigned the “List” and the “List” to be initialized with the four different numbers, respectively.
Then, we have another variable, “l3” where we have applied the flatmapfunction, and within the flatmap function, we have invoked the map function. First, the map function computed the list; afterward, the flatmap evaluated the list. The list will be generated by the println function as we have passed the variable “l3” to it because “l3” has a monads operation.
We have a different list when the map function is applied, but in the end, the below list is generated after applying the flatmap function.
Example # 2: Using a FlatMap for Removing Internal Group in Scala in Ubuntu 20.04
We have explained the function of flatMap in the aforementioned scala script with the output. Now, in this particular scala instance, we have removed the inner grouping of the collections by using the flatMap() application.
We have established the scala object as “myObject2”. Then, we raised the main method definition inside the “myObject2”. The main definition has the command line argument for supporting the scala functions. The main method is expanded with the declaration of the variables and operation. We have defined the two variables “p” and “q” which have the list of numbers within the range.
The set’s elements are returned as a list by the toList() method. After that, we applied the flatmap and then the map function, which is invoked inside the variable “l3”. First, the list is computed from the operation “i*j”. Then, we got the list from the map function. From the flatmap function, only one list is evaluated. All the internal lists will be removed internally.
Hence the list after removing the internal collections is generated as below.
Conclusion
We discussed the idea of monads in Scala in this guide. We introduced the minimal set of methods that a monad must perform after offering a brief definition of monads, which included the unit and the flatMap. We discussed the three monad laws lastly. The Scala standard library has a wide variety of types that are all influenced by the interesting and practical idea of monads. The collection types of Lists, Tree, and Map, to mention a few, as well as Option, Future, and Either, are all monads.
